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Class 10 Physics Chapter 3: Chapter 3 MCQs With Explanations
Practice Class 10 Physics Chapter 3: Chapter 3 MCQs with explanations for Pakistani board exams. Includes solved objective questions, answer checking, chapter revision guidance and next chapter suggestions.
Use this page for direct chapter practice, answer checking and explanation review. It is available through the clean URL shown in the browser, so students can bookmark and share this exact chapter.
76Total MCQs
76With explanations
8Topics represented
Topics found: Total Internal Reflection, Optical Instruments, Human Eye, Lenses, Refraction, Numerical Problems, Optical Fibers, Sign Conventions
Q1. The critical angle for a beam of light passing from water into air is 48.8 degrees. This means that all light rays with an angle of incidence greater than this angle will be
Above the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs, so all incident light is reflected back into the water with no transmission into air.
Q2. If a ray of light in glass is incident on an air surface at an angle greater than the critical angle, the ray will:
When the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs, and no refraction takes place — all light is reflected back into the glass.
Q3. Image formed on a camera is:
Cameras use convex lenses to form real, inverted, and diminished images on the sensor or film.
Q4. Which type of image is produce by the converging lens of human eye of it views a distant object?
The eye’s lens forms a real, inverted, and diminished image on the retina for distant objects, as the object is beyond twice the focal length.
Q5. Which type of image is formed by a concave lens on a screen?
Concave lenses always form upright, virtual, and diminished images; they cannot form real images on a screen.
Q6. The index of refraction of a medium depends on:
The index of refraction is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to its speed in the medium, making it fundamentally dependent on light speed in the material.
Q7. An object is 14 cm in front of a convex mirror. The image is 5.8 cm behind the mirror. What is the focal length of the mirror?
Using the mirror formula 1/f = 1/v + 1/u with u = -14 cm and v = +5.8 cm (sign convention), f ≈ -4.1 cm.
Q8. An object is placed at the center of curvature of a concave mirror. The image produced by the mirror is located.
When an object is at the center of curvature, the image forms at the same point due to symmetric ray paths and equal object and image distances.
Q9. A converging mirror with a radius of curvature of 20 cm creates a real image 30 cm from the mirror. What is the object distance?
Using the mirror formula 1/f = 1/v + 1/u, with f = 10 cm (half of radius) and v = +30 cm (real image), solving gives u = +15 cm. Object distance is positive in front of the mirror.
Q10. Which of the following quantities is not changed during refraction of light?
During refraction, the frequency of light remains constant because it is determined by the source; speed and wavelength change with the medium.
Q11. What is the near point distance for normal eye?
The near point is the closest distance at which the eye can focus on an object, typically 25 cm in a normal adult eye.
Q12. The opening at the center of iris is called:
The pupil is the circular opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
Q13. Light enters the eye through the transparent membrane called:
The cornea is the transparent front surface of the eye that initially refracts incoming light.
Q14. Which instrument is used to see small objects?
A simple microscope, or magnifying glass, is designed to magnify small objects for detailed viewing.
Q15. If a large number of optical fibers are bundled together, it is called a:
A bundle of optical fibers is collectively referred to as fiber optics, and such bundles are used in endoscopes and light pipes.
Q16. Which type of material is commonly used to make the core and cladding of optical fibers?
Glass is the standard material for optical fiber core and cladding due to its optical clarity and refractive properties.
Q17. The refractive index of cladding is:
Cladding has a lower refractive index than the core to enable total internal reflection and guide light through the fiber.
Q18. In optical fibers, which type of signal is used to transmit information form end to another?
Optical fibers transmit information using pulses of light, not electrical or electronic signals.
Q19. The covering of core is called:
Cladding surrounds the core and has a lower refractive index to enable total internal reflection.
Q20. The central layer of optical fiber core has:
The core has a higher refractive index than the cladding to enable total internal reflection and guide light.
Q21. The central part of optical fiber is called:
The core is the central region of the optical fiber where light travels via total internal reflection.
Q22. In a camera, when focused on a distant object, the distance between the lens and the film is approximately equal to the:
For distant objects, the image forms at the focal point, so lens-to-film distance equals focal length.
Q23. Which type of image can be formed by slide projector?
Slide projectors form real, inverted, and magnified images on a screen using a convex lens.
Q24. Which type of image can be formed by camera?
Cameras form real, inverted, and diminished images of distant objects on the film or sensor.
Q25. For a lens, what is the sign convention for the image distance when a real object forms a real image?
In the Cartesian sign convention for lenses, real images form on the opposite side of the lens from the object, so image distance is negative for convex lenses when image is real.
Q26. What is the sign convention for image distance for a real image formed on the opposite side of the lens from the object?
In the Cartesian sign convention, real images formed on the side opposite the object have a negative image distance for lenses.
Q27. What is the sign convention of object distance, when object is on right side of lens ?
In the Cartesian sign convention for lenses, object distance is negative when the object is on the side where light is coming from (right side for a lens in standard setup).
Q28. Which symbol is used to represent diopter?
The symbol for diopter is the uppercase letter 'D', as standardized in physics and optometry for lens power units.
Q29. What is the SI unit of power of lens?
The SI unit of lens power is the diopter (D), which equals the reciprocal of focal length in meters.
Q30. The power of the lens is the reciprocal of its:
Lens power is defined as the reciprocal of focal length in meters, expressed in diopters, making focal length the direct physical quantity involved.
Q31. The distance from optical center to principle focus of a lens is called as it:
Focal length is defined as the distance between the optical center and the principal focus, a key parameter in lens optics.
Q32. Optical center is denoted by:
In standard ray diagram conventions, the optical center of a lens is universally denoted by the letter 'O'.
Q33. The symmetrical center point of lens is called as:
The optical center is the point on the lens axis where light passes through without deviation, representing the geometric center of the lens.
Q34. What is the thickness of diverging lens as compared to eyes?
A diverging (concave) lens is thinner at the center than at the edges, making its thickness smaller compared to the edges.
Q35. How does the thickness of a converging lens compare to its edges?
A converging (convex) lens is thicker at the center than at the edges to refract light inward and focus it.
Q36. The lenses which try to diverge the incident rays are called:
Diverging lenses spread out parallel rays of light, and this functional description defines them as diverging lenses; concave lenses are a type of diverging lens.
Q37. The lenses which try to converge the incident rays are called:
Converging lenses are defined by their ability to bend parallel rays inward to a focal point; convex lenses are a type of converging lens, but 'converging lenses' is the broader correct term.
Q38. How many types of lenses are there?
Lenses are fundamentally classified into two types: convex (converging) and concave (diverging).
Q39. The piece of transparent reflecting medium whose boundary surface has some part of spherical shape is called:
A lens is defined as a transparent refracting medium with at least one spherical surface, designed to converge or diverge light.
Q40. Mirage is formed by the process of:
Mirage results from total internal reflection of light in layers of air with varying densities due to temperature gradients.
Q41. Critical angle is denoted by:
The critical angle is conventionally denoted as θ_c or <C in many curricula, where C stands for critical.
Q42. The velocity of light in free space is always ________ than its velocity inside any other medium.
Light travels fastest in vacuum (free space) and slows down in any material medium due to interaction with atoms, making its speed in vacuum greater than in any other medium.
Q43. When angle of reflection becomes 90o then angle of incidence is called as:
The critical angle is the angle of incidence in the denser medium for which the angle of refraction becomes 90°, leading to total internal reflection.
Q44. For total internal reflection, angle of incidence must be __________than critical angle.
Total internal reflection occurs only when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle.
Q45. When the angle of incidence becomes larger than critical angle then it is called as:
Total internal reflection occurs when light strikes a boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle, preventing refraction and causing complete reflection.
Q46. The angle made by reflected ray with normal is called as:
The angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected ray and the normal at the point of reflection.
Q47. The angle made by refracted ray with normal is called as:
The angle of refraction is defined as the angle between the refracted ray and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence.
Q48. The angle made by incident ray with normal is called as:
The angle of incidence is defined as the angle between the incident ray and the normal at the point of incidence.
Q49. The passing of light into another medium is called as:
Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed.
Q50. What is the sign convention of image distance for a real object?
Image distance depends on whether the image is real or virtual, not the object — real objects always have negative object distance, but image distance varies.
Q51. What is the sign convention of image distance for virtual image?
Virtual images are formed behind the mirror and are assigned negative image distance under the Cartesian sign convention.
Q52. What is the sign convention for object distance when the object is virtual?
In the Cartesian sign convention, a virtual object (formed by converging rays before reaching the mirror) has a negative object distance.
Q53. What is the sign convention of object distance for real object?
In the Cartesian sign convention, object distance is negative when the object is on the side where light is coming from, which is the case for real objects.
Q54. The point at which parallel incident rays after reflection from spherical mirror converge is called its:
The principal focus is the point on the principal axis where parallel rays converge (for concave mirrors) or appear to diverge from (for convex mirrors).
Q55. The distance from pole to principle focus of spherical mirror is called as its:
Focal length is defined as the distance between the pole and the principal focus of a spherical mirror.
Q56. What is the other name for the aperture of a spherical mirror?
The aperture refers to the diameter of the mirror's reflecting surface, which is the width of the mirror through which light enters.
Q57. The maximum diameter of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is called its:
Aperture refers to the diameter of the mirror's reflecting surface, which defines the region through which light can enter and reflect.
Q58. Pole of spherical mirror is also called as:
The pole is synonymous with the vertex, the central point on the mirror's surface where the principal axis intersects.
Q59. The central symmetrical point of a spherical mirror is called:
The pole is the geometric center of the mirror's surface and lies on the principal axis.
Q60. The straight line passing through principle focus and pole of spherical mirror is called:
The principal axis is the line joining the pole and the center of curvature, passing through the principal focus.
Q61. The radius of hollow sphere, a part of whose surface is used to make spherical mirror is called:
The radius of curvature is the distance from the pole to the center of the hollow sphere from which the mirror is cut.
Q62. The center of hollow sphere, a part of whose surface is used to make spherical mirror is called:
The center of curvature is the geometric center of the hollow sphere from which the spherical mirror's surface is derived.
Q63. Which types of image can be formed by convex spherical mirror?
Convex mirrors always form virtual, upright, and diminished images regardless of object position.
Q64. Which types of image can be formed by concave spherical mirror?
Concave mirrors form real images when the object is outside the focal point and virtual images when the object is inside the focal point.
Q65. A spherical mirror with its outer surface as the reflecting surface is called:
A convex spherical mirror has its reflecting surface on the outer side of the curve, causing light to diverge.
Q66. The mirror having its inner reflecting surface called as:
A concave spherical mirror has its reflecting surface on the inner side of the spherical curve, causing light to converge.
Q67. How many types of spherical mirror are there?
There are two types: concave and convex spherical mirrors, based on whether the reflecting surface is curved inward or outward.
Q68. The mirror which is made up of a part of hollow sphere of glass or plastic is called:
Spherical mirrors are formed from a portion of a hollow glass or plastic sphere with a reflective coating on one surface.
Q69. In irregular reflection all the reflected rays of light remain in:
Irregular reflection occurs on rough surfaces, causing light rays to reflect in many different directions due to uneven surface normals.
Q70. In regular reflection all the reflected rays of light remain in:
In regular reflection, parallel incident rays produce parallel reflected rays, maintaining a single direction.
Q71. The reflection of light from rough surface is called as:
Irregular (diffuse) reflection occurs when light reflects off rough surfaces in multiple directions.
Q72. The reflection of light from smooth surface is called as:
Regular reflection occurs when light reflects off a smooth surface, producing parallel reflected rays.
Q73. How many types of reflection are there?
There are two main types of reflection: regular (specular) and irregular (diffuse).
Q74. The bouncing back of light in to the same medium is called as:
Reflection is defined as the return of light into the same medium upon striking a surface.
Q75. Light gives the sensation of:
Light stimulates photoreceptors in the eye, producing the sensory experience of vision.
Q76. Light is the form of:
Light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties and is a form of electromagnetic energy, so 'both of above' is accurate.
After Chapter 3: Chapter 3, Practice Next Chapters
Once you finish these MCQs, continue with the next available chapters from Physics so your revision stays chapter-wise and complete.
Complete the MCQs first, then review every incorrect answer against the textbook heading where that concept appears. For biology and other science subjects, pay attention to terminology, diagrams, sequence of processes, examples and differences between similar structures or functions.
This chapter page keeps the exact class, subject, chapter, question count, answer checking, explanations and follow-up chapters together, so students can revise from one focused URL instead of searching through the full book again.
Class 10 Physics MCQ Preparation: Chapter 3
This page supports Matric Part 2 practice in Physics.
At this stage, the main purpose is strengthening final-year matric concepts and preparing for cumulative school and board assessments. The questions available here should be
used with the current textbook and the instructions issued by the learner's school or examination board.
What Physics MCQs can test
In Physics, objective questions commonly draw on definitions, physical quantities, SI units, laws, graphs, diagrams, formulas and the interpretation of numerical situations.
A useful answer is based on the exact wording and concept, not simply on recognising a familiar option.
For this subject, learners should write the known quantities and units before choosing a formula, and distinguish a law from the example used to demonstrate it.
Chapter 3: focused MCQ revision
This chapter should be reviewed through its main definitions, examples, diagrams, comparisons and links with earlier Physics concepts.
Write a one-sentence reason for each corrected answer and note the textbook heading where the concept is explained.
Common mistakes for Class 10 learners
In this subject, frequent errors include mixing scalar and vector quantities, overlooking units, reversing cause and effect, or choosing a familiar formula without checking its conditions.
Review textbook exceptions, diagrams, units and similar-looking statements because these often cause avoidable objective-question errors. When the page marks an answer as incorrect, the next step should be to identify
the mistaken idea and verify it, rather than memorising the displayed answer letter.
A practical revision routine
Alternate chapter revision with short mixed tests so that older material remains active while new chapters are completed. Before attempting the MCQs, review definitions, symbols, unit conversions, graph shapes, diagram labels and the meaning of each term in a formula.
Complete a manageable set without notes, check the result, and divide errors into missing knowledge,
misunderstood concepts and careless reading. Revise the appropriate section before repeating the chapter.
How to review Chapter 3 after the quiz
List the questions you missed from Chapter 3 and write the textbook heading
connected with each one. Explain the correct idea in your own words, then return later and answer a
fresh set. This gives the chapter page a clear purpose: finding specific weaknesses in
Physics rather than only collecting a score.
Accuracy and responsible use
Explanations are provided where they exist in the question bank, but educational databases can contain
incomplete or mistaken material. Confirm disputed answers with an authoritative textbook or teacher.
Ahmad Learning Hub provides a practice resource and does not claim that a question will appear in an
examination or that every available item represents an official board question.
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